“The battlefield impact was most visible in cases where Ukraine went after ammunition and [command and control]. Unfortunately, strike campaigns using ATACMS (tactical missile systems) and air-launched cruise missiles were often out of sequence with combat operations…. Long-range strikes were an important piece of the puzzle, affecting how Russian forces operate, but by themselves were not decisive. These weapons had shaping effects on enemy forces, but Ukraine was often not in a position to capitalize on them, and expectations that these would be game-changing weapons tended to exceed the impact observed.”
29 Mar 2025
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